The goal of fusion plasma research is to make a miniature star as a source of energy. Since plasmas are affected by electric and magnetic fields, we use these fields to produce a doughnut-shaped (toroidal) "magnetic bottle" for containment of the plasma. Plasmas are used for fabrication of microchips, hardening of tools, and the treatment of surfaces to improve their properties, for applications like tissue engineering and biocompatibility Plasmas, gases to which enough energy has been added so that they become ionized, have two major applications: (1) treatment of materials and (2) fusion.